<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>logaritmi | The Math of Things</title><link>https://mathofthings.netlify.app/tag/logaritmi/</link><atom:link href="https://mathofthings.netlify.app/tag/logaritmi/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><description>logaritmi</description><generator>Wowchemy (https://wowchemy.com)</generator><language>en-us</language><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><image><url>https://mathofthings.netlify.app/media/icon_hu6c6ed29f698bb57c24ca81ba64928043_3770_512x512_fill_lanczos_center_3.png</url><title>logaritmi</title><link>https://mathofthings.netlify.app/tag/logaritmi/</link></image><item><title>Esponenziali e Logaritmi</title><link>https://mathofthings.netlify.app/slides/esponenziali-logaritmi/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://mathofthings.netlify.app/slides/esponenziali-logaritmi/</guid><description>&lt;section class="mot-hero" data-transition="zoom">
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">matematica per il triennio&lt;/p>
&lt;h1>Esponenziali e &lt;span class="math-word">Logaritmi&lt;/span>&lt;/h1>
&lt;p class="mot-tagline">la matematica che &lt;em>cresce&lt;/em> e quella che &lt;em>misura&lt;/em>&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-meta">prof. Diego Fantinelli &amp;mdash; The Math of Things&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;hr>
&lt;section>
&lt;blockquote class="mot-quote">
Il più grande difetto della razza umana è la nostra incapacità di comprendere la funzione esponenziale.
&lt;span class="quote-attr">&amp;mdash; Albert A. Bartlett, fisico&lt;/span>
&lt;/blockquote>
&lt;/section>
&lt;hr>
&lt;section class="mot-divider" data-transition="zoom">
&lt;h1 class="r-fit-text">CRESCITA&lt;/h1>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">una leggenda&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>Il chicco di riso e la &lt;em>scacchiera&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;p class="mot-def fragment">Un inventore chiede al re un premio: &lt;b>un chicco&lt;/b> di riso sulla prima casella, &lt;b>due&lt;/b> sulla seconda, &lt;b>quattro&lt;/b> sulla terza&amp;hellip; raddoppiando ogni volta.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="fragment" style="font-size:0.8em">Sulla casella $n$ ci sono $2^{\,n-1}$ chicchi. Sull'ultima:&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-result fragment">$$2^{63} \approx 9.2 \times 10^{18}$$&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="fragment" style="font-size:0.72em">Più riso di quanto il mondo intero ne produca in secoli.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-joke fragment">il re non aveva studiato le esponenziali&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">definizione&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>La funzione &lt;em>esponenziale&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;p class="mot-result fragment">$$y = a^x \qquad (a>0,\; a\neq 1)$$&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="mot-cols">
&lt;div class="mot-col fragment" style="font-size:0.68em">
&lt;p>se $a>1$ &amp;rarr; la funzione &lt;b>cresce&lt;/b>&lt;/p>
&lt;p>se $0 \lt a \lt 1$ &amp;rarr; la funzione &lt;b>decresce&lt;/b>&lt;/p>
&lt;p>passa sempre per $(0,1)$ e resta &lt;b>positiva&lt;/b>&lt;/p>
&lt;/div>
&lt;div class="mot-col fragment">
&lt;svg viewBox="0 0 460 290" style="width:100%;max-width:440px" role="img" aria-label="grafici esponenziali">
&lt;line x1="60" y1="260" x2="440" y2="260" style="stroke:var(--mot-muted);stroke-width:1.5"/>
&lt;line x1="60" y1="20" x2="60" y2="270" style="stroke:var(--mot-muted);stroke-width:1.5"/>
&lt;path d="M60 235 C 180 225 280 190 340 118 C 388 62 414 42 434 28" style="fill:none;stroke:var(--mot-primary);stroke-width:3.5;stroke-linecap:round"/>
&lt;path d="M60 235 C 150 246 250 256 340 258 C 380 259 410 259 434 259" style="fill:none;stroke:#3a6b8c;stroke-width:3;stroke-linecap:round"/>
&lt;circle cx="60" cy="235" r="4.5" style="fill:var(--mot-primary)"/>
&lt;text x="70" y="228" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:13px;fill:var(--mot-muted)">(0,1)&lt;/text>
&lt;text x="356" y="40" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:14px;fill:var(--mot-primary)">a&amp;gt;1&lt;/text>
&lt;text x="360" y="248" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:14px;fill:#3a6b8c">0&amp;lt;a&amp;lt;1&lt;/text>
&lt;/svg>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/section>
&lt;hr>
&lt;section class="mot-divider" data-transition="zoom">
&lt;h1 class="r-fit-text">MODELLI&lt;/h1>
&lt;p class="mot-tagline" style="font-family:'JetBrains Mono',monospace; font-size:0.5em">la crescita intorno a &lt;em>noi&lt;/em>&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">economia&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>L'interesse &lt;em>composto&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;p class="mot-def fragment">Un capitale $C_0$ a tasso annuo $i$, dopo $t$ anni, diventa:&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-result fragment">$$C(t) = C_0\,(1+i)^{\,t}$$&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="fragment" style="font-size:0.74em">A un tasso del $5\%$, un capitale &lt;b>raddoppia&lt;/b> in circa $14$ anni: gli interessi generano interessi, ed è crescita esponenziale.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-joke fragment">Einstein l'avrebbe chiamata l'ottava meraviglia del mondo&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">epidemiologia&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>La curva del &lt;em>contagio&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;div class="mot-cols">
&lt;div class="mot-col fragment" style="font-size:0.66em">
&lt;p>All'inizio di un'epidemia ogni infetto ne contagia altri: i casi &lt;b>raddoppiano&lt;/b> a intervalli regolari.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-result" style="font-size:0.8em">$$I(t) = I_0\, R_0^{\,t}$$&lt;/p>
&lt;p>$R_0$ = contagi per infetto. Se $R_0>1$ &amp;rarr; esplosione esponenziale.&lt;/p>
&lt;/div>
&lt;div class="mot-col fragment">
&lt;svg viewBox="0 0 460 290" style="width:100%;max-width:440px" role="img" aria-label="curva del contagio">
&lt;line x1="60" y1="260" x2="440" y2="260" style="stroke:var(--mot-muted);stroke-width:1.5"/>
&lt;line x1="60" y1="20" x2="60" y2="270" style="stroke:var(--mot-muted);stroke-width:1.5"/>
&lt;path d="M60 255 C 180 252 262 244 330 208 C 382 178 414 108 436 32" style="fill:none;stroke:var(--mot-primary);stroke-width:3.5;stroke-linecap:round"/>
&lt;text x="24" y="40" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:13px;fill:var(--mot-muted)" transform="rotate(-90 24 40)">casi&lt;/text>
&lt;text x="390" y="278" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:13px;fill:var(--mot-muted)">tempo&lt;/text>
&lt;/svg>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>
&lt;p class="mot-joke fragment">&amp;laquo;flatten the curve&amp;raquo; era, letteralmente, addomesticare un'esponenziale&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">il modello SIR&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>Sani, Infetti, &lt;em>Rimossi&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;svg viewBox="0 0 520 300" style="width:100%;max-width:640px;margin:0.2em auto 0;display:block" role="img" aria-label="diagramma del modello SIR">
&lt;line x1="55" y1="262" x2="500" y2="262" style="stroke:var(--mot-muted);stroke-width:1.5"/>
&lt;line x1="55" y1="20" x2="55" y2="272" style="stroke:var(--mot-muted);stroke-width:1.5"/>
&lt;path d="M55 48 C 170 54 210 95 265 165 C 320 232 410 252 500 255" style="fill:none;stroke:#3a6b8c;stroke-width:3.5;stroke-linecap:round"/>
&lt;path d="M55 256 C 160 254 205 92 250 92 C 295 92 340 254 500 256" style="fill:none;stroke:var(--mot-primary);stroke-width:3.5;stroke-linecap:round"/>
&lt;path d="M55 257 C 200 253 262 214 322 132 C 380 55 432 46 500 44" style="fill:none;stroke:#4a7c59;stroke-width:3.5;stroke-linecap:round"/>
&lt;text x="150" y="52" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:15px;fill:#3a6b8c">S&lt;/text>
&lt;text x="242" y="82" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:15px;fill:var(--mot-primary)">I&lt;/text>
&lt;text x="470" y="40" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:15px;fill:#4a7c59">R&lt;/text>
&lt;/svg>
&lt;dl class="mot-rows fragment" style="font-size:0.6em">
&lt;dt style="color:#3a6b8c">S &amp;mdash; Susceptible&lt;/dt>&lt;dd>chi può ancora ammalarsi&lt;/dd>
&lt;dt style="color:var(--mot-primary)">I &amp;mdash; Infected&lt;/dt>&lt;dd>chi è contagioso adesso: cresce e poi cala&lt;/dd>
&lt;dt style="color:#4a7c59">R &amp;mdash; Removed&lt;/dt>&lt;dd>guariti (immuni) o deceduti&lt;/dd>
&lt;/dl>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">fisica&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>Il decadimento &lt;em>radioattivo&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;p class="mot-def fragment">Una sostanza radioattiva si dimezza a intervalli fissi &amp;mdash; il &lt;b>tempo di dimezzamento&lt;/b> $T$:&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-result fragment">$$N(t) = N_0 \left(\tfrac{1}{2}\right)^{t/T}$$&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="fragment" style="font-size:0.74em">È la legge del &lt;b>carbonio-14&lt;/b>, con cui si datano reperti e fossili: un'esponenziale &lt;em>decrescente&lt;/em>.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-joke fragment">il tempo, per un atomo, è solo questione di probabilità&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;hr>
&lt;section class="mot-divider" data-transition="zoom">
&lt;h1 class="r-fit-text">LOGARITMI&lt;/h1>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">l'idea&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>La domanda &lt;em>inversa&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;p class="mot-def fragment">L'esponenziale chiede: &amp;laquo;quanto vale $a^x$?&amp;raquo;. Il logaritmo chiede il contrario: &lt;b>&amp;laquo;a quale esponente devo elevare $a$ per ottenere $x$?&amp;raquo;&lt;/b>&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-result fragment">$$\log_a x = y \iff a^y = x$$&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="fragment" style="font-size:0.76em">Esempio: $\log_2 8 = 3$, perché $2^3 = 8$.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-joke fragment">il logaritmo è l'esponenziale vista allo specchio&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">geometricamente&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>Due funzioni allo &lt;em>specchio&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;div class="mot-cols">
&lt;div class="mot-col fragment" style="font-size:0.68em">
&lt;p>Il grafico di $y=\log_a x$ è il riflesso di $y=a^x$ rispetto alla retta $y=x$.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Sono &lt;b>funzioni inverse&lt;/b>: una disfa ciò che l'altra fa.&lt;/p>
&lt;/div>
&lt;div class="mot-col fragment">
&lt;svg viewBox="0 0 320 320" style="width:100%;max-width:340px" role="img" aria-label="esponenziale e logaritmo riflessi">
&lt;line x1="40" y1="280" x2="300" y2="280" style="stroke:var(--mot-muted);stroke-width:1.5"/>
&lt;line x1="40" y1="20" x2="40" y2="290" style="stroke:var(--mot-muted);stroke-width:1.5"/>
&lt;line x1="40" y1="280" x2="290" y2="30" style="stroke:var(--mot-muted);stroke-width:1.2;stroke-dasharray:5 5"/>
&lt;path d="M40 232 C 78 210 108 150 138 78 C 150 50 156 36 160 26" style="fill:none;stroke:var(--mot-primary);stroke-width:3.5;stroke-linecap:round"/>
&lt;path d="M88 280 C 110 242 170 212 242 182 C 270 170 284 164 294 160" style="fill:none;stroke:#3a6b8c;stroke-width:3.5;stroke-linecap:round"/>
&lt;circle cx="40" cy="232" r="4" style="fill:var(--mot-primary)"/>
&lt;circle cx="88" cy="280" r="4" style="fill:#3a6b8c"/>
&lt;text x="150" y="34" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:13px;fill:var(--mot-primary)">aˣ&lt;/text>
&lt;text x="252" y="150" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:13px;fill:#3a6b8c">logₐx&lt;/text>
&lt;text x="250" y="60" style="font-family:var(--mot-mono);font-size:12px;fill:var(--mot-muted)">y=x&lt;/text>
&lt;/svg>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">a cosa servono&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>Domare i &lt;em>grandi numeri&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;p class="mot-def fragment">Il logaritmo &lt;b>comprime&lt;/b> scale enormi in numeri maneggevoli: trasforma i prodotti in somme e le potenze in prodotti.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="fragment" style="font-size:0.78em">Per questo molte scale scientifiche sono &lt;b>logaritmiche&lt;/b>: ogni passo di $1$ significa moltiplicare per $10$.&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">geologia&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>La scala &lt;em>Richter&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;p class="mot-def fragment">La magnitudo di un terremoto è il &lt;b>logaritmo&lt;/b> dell'ampiezza delle onde sismiche.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="fragment" style="font-size:0.78em">Da magnitudo $5$ a $6$: l'ampiezza è &lt;b>10 volte&lt;/b> maggiore, l'energia liberata circa &lt;b>30 volte&lt;/b>.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-joke fragment">un numero piccolo che nasconde un'energia enorme&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">chimica&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>Il &lt;em>pH&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;p class="mot-result fragment">$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H}^+]$$&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="fragment" style="font-size:0.78em">Ogni unità di pH in meno = acidità &lt;b>10 volte&lt;/b> maggiore. Il caffè (pH $5$) è &lt;b>cento volte&lt;/b> più acido dell'acqua pura (pH $7$).&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">acustica&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>I &lt;em>decibel&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;p class="mot-def fragment">Il livello sonoro in decibel cresce come il logaritmo dell'energia del suono.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="fragment" style="font-size:0.78em">$+10$ dB significa energia $\times 10$. Un concerto ($110$ dB) non è &amp;laquo;poco più&amp;raquo; di una conversazione ($60$ dB): è $10^5$ volte più intenso.&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mot-joke fragment">ecco perché i tappi per le orecchie sono una buona idea&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;hr>
&lt;section>
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">il legame&lt;/p>
&lt;h2>Due facce della &lt;em>stessa medaglia&lt;/em>&lt;/h2>
&lt;div class="mot-cards">
&lt;div class="mot-card fragment">
&lt;h3>Esponenziale&lt;/h3>
&lt;p>modella ciò che &lt;b>cresce&lt;/b> o &lt;b>decade&lt;/b> moltiplicandosi&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mono plain">$y=a^x$&lt;/p>
&lt;/div>
&lt;div class="mot-card fragment">
&lt;h3>Logaritmo&lt;/h3>
&lt;p>&lt;b>misura&lt;/b> e comprime le scale enormi&lt;/p>
&lt;p class="mono plain">$y=\log_a x$&lt;/p>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>
&lt;p class="fragment" style="font-size:0.74em">Sono &lt;b>inverse&lt;/b>: $\log_a(a^x)=x$ e $a^{\log_a x}=x$. Nella prossima lezione le studieremo a fondo.&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;hr>
&lt;section class="mot-divider" data-transition="zoom">
&lt;h1 class="r-fit-text">DOMANDE?&lt;/h1>
&lt;p class="mot-joke fragment">crescono in modo esponenziale, si spera&lt;/p>
&lt;/section>
&lt;hr>
&lt;section class="mot-hero" data-transition="zoom">
&lt;p class="mot-kicker">grazie dell'attenzione&lt;/p>
&lt;h1>The &lt;span class="math-word">Math&lt;/span> of &lt;em>Things&lt;/em>&lt;/h1>
&lt;p class="mot-meta">&lt;a href="https://mathofthings.netlify.app/" target="_blank" class="mono">mathofthings.netlify.app&lt;/a>&lt;/p>
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